This week, amidst my TV viewing of a Best of the 90s marathon on VH1 and the Nelson Mandela birthday concert, a new commercial from ExxonMobil caught my attention. It features the CEO of ExxonMobil discussing cheaper ways to bring us energy, hybrid vehicles, and the company’s commitment to funding research for alternate methods of energy. I found this strange since Exxon has received much criticism lately due to environmental issues.
Nearly 20 years after the disastrous Exxon-Valdez oil spill in 1989, the Supreme Court finally reached a decision last week in the civil suit filed against Exxon by the fisherman of the Alaskan town Cordova. The Court slashed nearly $2 billion from the amount that would originally be awarded to the fisherman who lost their livelihoods due to the spill. They will each be awarded $30,000 as part of the settlement. It’s shocking to me that a company who reported $40 billion in profits in 2007 will pay so little to those who’s lives they ruined, but can spend $16 million to fund environmental front groups that discredit the science behind global warming.
All this being said, I thought it would be interesting to check out WikiScanner to see what kind of edits have been made to ExxonMobil’s page in light of recent events.
Who Edited and How Often
WikiScanner shows there to be 502 edits to ExxonMobil’s Wikipedia page. The top 10 most frequent edits were made by:
1. Afrinic (17 revisions) 6. Pppox Pool, Texas (10 revisions)
2. CWI Internet Access, Holland (17 revisions) 7. Cox Communications, Virginia (9 revisions)
3. Moring Building Co, Tokyo (15 revisions) 8. Ntli, London (9 revisions)
4. City of Bath College (12 revisions) 9. Road Runner Holding Co, New York (9 revisions)
5. Road Runner Holding Company, Texas (12 revisions 10. The Magnolia Hotel, Houson (9 revisions)
The interesting thing is that the majority of the edits being made are listed to internet service providers (such as Road Runner, CWI, Afrinic, Cox, and Ntli), but most of the edits are made by the same handful of IP addresses.
What Was Edited
Unethical Business Practices
There was a constant battle- removing and re-posting- pertaining to Exxon’s unethical business practices relating to its stance on global warming, front group funding and illegal oil trading with foreign nations. Although edits on this topic were the most frequent, I found most of them to deal solely with semantics, changing wording around so it sounds less-biased, or removing POV edits for cited sources.
Diversity Within the Corporation
There is some debate in the criticism section relating to benefits for same-sex couples. When Exxon merged with Mobil in 1999, health benefits for same-sex couples were terminated. The actual Wikipedia article cites several examples of how ExxonMobil “does tolerate discrimination” due to the fact that it does not include sexual orientation in its Standard of Business Conduct for Equal Employment Opportunities. This information, and numerous examples of discriminatory practices by ExxonMobil remains in the Wikipedia article, yet there are numerous posts and removals of posts pertaining to Exxon’s rating from the Human Rights Corporation Corporate Equity Index. Exxon rated very low on the index at 14%. The last edit made on this topic in 2007 removed the few sentences relating to the rating citing the need to stay neutral.
Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill Court Settlement
I only found one mention about the settlement case in the Exxon-Valdez oil spill, but I felt a need to comment on it due to the fact that a settlement was just reached. In July of last year, an edit that stated “ExxonMobil still has not settled with the near 32,000 fisherman affected by the Valdez oil spill in 1989.” The post was removed because it did not have a citation to back up the statement, so it was concluded to be POV. The settlement information has been updated however, since the ruling last week.
Omitted Information
In keeping with its neutrality stance, I find it interesting that any citing from anti-Exxon groups, articles, websites, etc are deleted immediately in the WikiScanner, even if the information that is being deleted is factual (i.e. a citation of an article from the group Stop E$$o on Exxon’s funding of front groups). In some cases, the information is re-posted, but the citation is replaced with a neutral source, such as Forbes or CNN.
When
Most of the edits that were tracked were between the years 2005-2007. I expect that this is due to the fact that Exxon was discovered to have funded numerous global warming skepticism groups in 2005, and the resulting edits made in the years following show the struggle to keep the information and findings related to those groups factual. I didn’t see any edits from 2008, despite the recent court ruling on the Valdez oil spill settlement. The current information about the ruling on the Wikipedia page is completely neutral, but perhaps I expected to see the same back-and forth relating to POV’s on the settlement as I did with Exxon’s unethical business practices a few years ago.
Where
I found the edits to be all over the globe. The top editor is hosted by an African ISP, but there are edits from England, Holland and Tokyo as well. Domestically, I noticed most of the edits to be concentrated in Texas, New York or Virginia. This is probably because ExxonMobil’s headquarters are located in Texas, and they recently moved many of their New York offices to Virginia.
Conclusion
I found the edits in WikiScanner to be pretty consistent with what I was reading in the discussion section for Exxon’s Wikipedia article. However, I’m personally still struggling with Wikipedia’s neutral, non-point-of-view rule in relation to factual material. How does Wikipedia define neutrality, specifically? Is it presenting both sides equally? Is it presenting facts in a straightforward manner? Or is it vanilla articles that veer away from the controversial, however factual the topic may be? I didn’t see any information on the ExxonMobil page in which I felt the facts were compromised for the sake of neutrality, so I then wonder if Wikipedia compromises its stance on neutrality for the sake of fact.